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MLA 9 Citation Guide

MLA 9 Citation Guide

Situations this Section Covers

This section will cover the following examples:

  • Journal Article with One Author
  • Journal Article with Two Authors
  • Journal Article with Three or More Authors
  • Magazine Article
  • Newspaper Article

DOIs and Article References

If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI)is listed on either a print or an electronic source it is included in the reference. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles).   

Example: doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305

What is a DOI and how do I find it?

A DOI (digital object identifier) is assigned to a journal article by the publisher.  DOIs are used to provide permanent location information on the internet.

Not all articles have a DOI. If unable locate a DOI in the database or page view where you found the article, try https://www.crossref.org/guestquery/

If you can't locate a DOI in this way, remember that including it in your citation is not an absolute requirement of most citation styles -- you can still reference the journal publisher or library database instead.